The Higgs Boson is a very famous term and many people are familiar
with it. Higgs Boson was discovered in July, 2012. Higgs Boson was discovered
in one of the world's most complex and expensive experimental facilities to
date and that is "The Large Hadron Collider" .Discovery of Higgs Boson also
confirmed the existence of Higgs Field as described by Peter Higgs. The Higgs
boson or Higgs particle is an elementary particle in particle physics. Higgs
Boson was originally theorized in 1964. Peter Higgs proposed that there is an
energy field permeated in the entire universe. This field is known as Higgs
Field. The Higgs field is fundamental to the Standard Model and other theories
within particle physics. In March 2013 the Higgs Boson particle was confirmed
to interact, behave and decay as predicted by the Standard Model.
Credit: GridPP
During 1940’s to 1960’s physicists discovered many subatomic
particles; more than hundred. Physicists realized that the protons and neutrons
are made of smaller objects. These smaller objects are called quarks. There are
six types of Quarks. These six types of quarks are down; charm, up, strange,
bottom and top quarks. Up and Down quarks were found inside the proton and
neutron while other explains the vast number of particles discovered in
Particle accelerator. Other than quarks there are Leptons and there are six
leptons as well.
Most familiar lepton is electron. Three Leptons have charge
and these are Electron, Muon and Tau. The other three are neutral and are
called neutrinos. These are Electron neutrino, Muon neutrino, Tau neutrino.
Quarks and Lepton make every particle that we know. Quarks and Leptons are the
building blocks of the Cosmos. These quarks and Leptons are held together to
form other particle due to different forces. Without these forces, these
particles will not interact with each other. Physicists know about four kinds
of forces, Gravity, Electromagnetism, Strong nuclear force and Weak force.
Gravity is the most common force and in quantum realm Gravity is a weak force
and physicists don’t know how it works in the quantum realm. Other three are
very well understood. Forces of Gravity and Electromagnetism have effects on
large distances and scales while other two only have effect in atomic level.
All the subatomic forces work by exchanging different kind of particles. Gluons
are force partcles for the strong nuclear force, Photons are force particles
for the electromagnetic force and W and Z bosons are for weak nuclear force. In
Standard model Gravity is not counted. In Standard Model Higgs Boson is a
particle of Higgs Field and fermions describes the excitations of fermionic
fields.
Well, getting back to Higgs Boson. Some atomic particles
have a great deal of mass and some have a little while some have not at all.
Energy field proposed by Peter Higgs would interact with subatomic particles
and will give them a certain amount of mass. Particle with great mass will
interact a lot with the Higgs field. The lighter subatomic particle is Electron
and king of mass is Top Quark. Top Quark is thousand times massive than
electrons. The top quark and electron are of same size indeed they have zero
size. Top quark interacts more with Higgs Field than electron and that is why
it is more massive. No Higgs field means any mass of any particle. The Higgs
Boson is the smallest bit of Higgs Field. Higgs Field is made of countless
individual particles of the Higgs Boson particles. This is why most of the time
Higgs Boson is also known as "The God Particle". Higgs field actually decides
which particle will be more massive than others and that is why it is important
concept in the Standard Model.
